The Internet of Things for monitoring agricultural environmental factors: a systematic mapping study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35381/i.p.v8i14.4909Keywords:
Smart agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT), Agricultural environmental monitoring, Wireless sensors, (UNESCO Thesaurus).Abstract
The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture faces various approaches and challenges due to the diversity of technologies and environmental factors monitored. The general research question addressed was: How have IoT technologies been applied to monitor environmental factors in agricultural production over the past five years? To answer this, indexed databases (Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals) were reviewed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICOC framework. Thirty studies were analyzed, revealing that the most frequently monitored factors are temperature, humidity, pH, CO₂, and solar radiation. The predominant technologies include low-power sensors, WSN and LoRaWAN networks, and platforms such as Raspberry Pi and ThingSpeak. However, limitations persist, including connectivity dependence, lack of interoperability, and implementation costs. The findings provide a structured overview of the state of the art and guide future research toward sustainable and efficient IoT solutions.
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