Políticas criminales y legislación ambiental en la prevención de la tala ilegal: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35381/racji.v11i21.5254Palabras clave:
Derecho ambiental, deforestación, política ambiental, delincuencia, gobernanza, (Tesauro UNESCO).Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre la efectividad de las políticas criminales y la legislación ambiental en la prevención de la tala ilegal en regiones tropicales. Se siguió la declaración PRISMA 2020; se consultaron Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Latindex y DOAJ, y la calidad metodológica se valoró con la herramienta MMAT. De 847 registros identificados, 23 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados evidencian una paradoja de hiperlexis ambiental: marcos normativos robustos coexisten con una efectividad limitada, explicada por la débil coordinación interinstitucional, las brechas de trazabilidad maderera, la corrupción estructural, la tecnocratización del control y la falta de legitimidad social. La participación comunitaria y la transparencia institucional se asociaron con mayor efectividad que la severidad punitiva. Se concluye que la prevención requiere un triángulo de gobernanza basado en legitimidad social, transparencia y cooperación interinstitucional.
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